Sickle cell anemia is a recessive genetic blood disease that is characterized by chronic anemia and periodic pains. This disease occurs when glutamic acid, in red blood cells and in charge of carrying oxygen, and structuring hemoglobin, replaces valine (HbS).

After this genetic defect, ball-shaped hemoglobins change into sickle in shape because of the lack of oxygen. Mostly encountered in Africa, and Mediterranean countries, This disease can be defined in today’s world.